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The popularity of websites that allow members to upload their own movies for others to view has created a growing community of amateur computer animators. Several free and open source animation software applications exist as well. The ease at which these animations can be distributed has attracted professional animation talent also. Companies such as PowToon and GoAnimate attempt to bridged the gap by giving amateurs access to professional animations as clip art.
The oldest most backward compatible web-based animations are in the animated GIF format, which can be uploaded and seen on the web easily. The growing demand for higher quality web-based animations was met by a vector graphics alternative that relied on the use of a plugin.
For decades, Flash animations were the most popular format, until the web development community abandoned support for the Flash player plugin.
Web browsers on mobile devices and mobile operating systems never fully supported the Flash plugin. By this time, internet bandwidth and download speeds increased, making raster graphic animations more convenient. Some of the more complex vector graphic animations had a slower frame rate due to complex rendering than some of the raster graphic alternatives.
Many of the GIF and Flash animations were already converted to digital video formats, which were compatible with mobile devices and reduced file sizes via video compression technology. However, compatibility was still problematic as some of the popular video formats such as Apple's QuickTime and Microsoft Silverlight required plugins. YouTube , the most popular video viewing website, was also relying on the Flash plugin to deliver digital video in the Flash Video format.
The latest alternatives are HTML5 compatible animations. SVG animations offered a vector graphic alternative to the original Flash graphic format, SmartSketch. In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as " sprites. The location of the sprite is changed slightly, between each displayed frame, to make the sprite appear to move. Computer animation uses different techniques to produce animations.
Most frequently, sophisticated mathematics is used to manipulate complex three-dimensional polygons , apply " textures ", lighting and other effects to the polygons and finally rendering the complete image. A sophisticated graphical user interface may be used to create the animation and arrange its choreography.
Another technique called constructive solid geometry defines objects by conducting boolean operations on regular shapes, and has the advantage that animations may be accurately produced at any resolution.
To animate means, figuratively, to "give life to". There are two basic methods that animators commonly use to accomplish this. Computer-assisted animation is usually classed as two-dimensional 2D animation. Drawings either hand drawn pencil to paper or interactively drawn on the computer using different assisting appliances and are positioned into specific software packages.
Within the software package, the creator places drawings into different key frames which fundamentally create an outline of the most important movements. Computer-generated animation is known as three-dimensional 3D animation.
Creators design an object or character with an X, a Y and a Z axis. No pencil-to-paper drawings create the way computer generated animation works. The object or character created will then be taken into a software, key framing and tweening are also carried out in computer generated animation but are also a lot of techniques used that do not relate to traditional animation.
Animators can break physical laws by using mathematical algorithms to cheat, mass , force and gravity rulings. Fundamentally, time scale and quality could be said to be a preferred way to produce animation as they are two major things that are enhanced by using computer generated animation.
Another positive aspect of CGA is the fact one can create a flock of creatures to act independently when created as a group. An animal's fur can be programmed to wave in the wind and lie flat when it rains instead of programming each strand of hair separately. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. November Learn how and when to remove this template message. History of computer animation. Timeline of computer animation in film and television. List of animation studios. The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. May Learn how and when to remove this template message. Animation portal Computer graphics portal. Animation Animation database Autodesk Avar animation variable Computer-generated imagery CGI New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab Computer representation of surfaces Hand-Over Humanoid animation List of animation studios List of computer-animated films List of computer-animated television series Medical animation Morph target animation Machinima recording video from games and virtual worlds Motion capture Procedural animation Ray tracing Rich Representation Language Skeletal animation Timeline of computer animation in film and television Virtual artifact Wire-frame model 12 basic principles of animation.
Archived from the original on New York Daily News. Retrieved October 10, Archived from the original on January 11, The Animated Movie Guide. A Guide to Computer Animation: Magnenat Thalmann, Nadia ; Thalmann, Daniel Handbook of Virtual Humans. A Computer Graphics Industry Reference. The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved January 8, Affective computing and intelligent interaction.
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